GROUP ASSIGNMENT
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING MEDIA
TEACHING MEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER
Lecturer: Citra Kusumaningsih, M. Pd
Members of the Group:
v Fitria
v Veronika Liyanti
v Yustina Meri
Class : A Afternoon
Semester : V
Study Program : English Program Study
INSTITUT KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PERSATUAN GURU REPUBLIK INDONESIA
PONTIANAK
2014
TEACHING
MEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER
A. Media
Computer
The
computer is a type of virtual media can provide immediate response to the
outcomes of learning undertaken by students. More than that, the computer has
the ability to store and manipulate information according to need. The rapid
development of technology today has allowed the computer to load and display
various forms of media. In this case Heinich, Molenda, & Russell (1996:
228) argues that: "... It has ability to control and integrate a wide
variety of media - still pictures, graphics and moving images, as well as
printed information. The computer can also record, analyze, and react to
student responses that are typed on a keyboard or selected with a mouse ".
Computer-based
instructional media is one medium of learning by using computer presentation. Ways
to produce or deliver the subject matter based sources micropocessor. Manner of
presentation is influenced by the capabilities of the media used. Computers
have the ability to present an interactive learning process (Arsyad, 2002: 97).
Based
on expert opinion, we can conclude that the material presented is packaged in a
material particular by a computer program.
Romiszowski
(1974: 260-261) states that "the use of computers in education is
increasing, not only as an aid to the administration of education, but also as
a presentation medium, computers are already being used to present many
programs of a Simpler construction "means that the increased use of
computers in learning, not only as a tool for implementing the learning, but
also as a media presentation. Based on the explanation of these experts can be
concluded that the medium of computer-based learning is a learning tool that
can be used individually or together. Learning in question is studied with the
help of a computer. The use of computers in the learning activities aimed to
improve cognitive ability, psychomotor, and affective.
Gerrald
(1967: 14) argues that "another general future of computer-based
instruction is the development of curiculum materials". Based on this
claim stated that the general features of computer-based media is a material
that comes from the curriculum. Making learning by using computer media should
pay attention to the learning curriculum that is applicable. The material is
the most important element in the creation of a medium.
Current
computer technology is no longer just used as a means of computing and word
processing (word processor) but also as a multi-media learning tool that allows
students to make a concept design and engineering and science. Computer-based
multimedia presentation can be interpreted as a technology that optimizes the
role of the computer as a means to display and manipulate text, graphics, and
sound in an integrated view. With a view that can combine various elements to
deliver information and messages, the computer can be designed and used as a
medium for effective technology for learning and teaching learning materials
relevant example of graphic design and animation.
Multimedia-based
computer can also be used as a tool in conducting a simulation to train
specific skills and competencies. For example, the use of aircraft cockpit
simulators that allow learners in flight academy may practice without the risk
of falling. Another example of the use of computer-based multimedia is
multimedia display in the form of animation that allows students majoring in
exact sciences, biology, chemistry, and physics experiment without having to be
in the laboratory.
The
development of computer technology today has formed a network (network) that
can provide the possibility for students to interact with learning resources
extensively. Computer networks such as the Internet and the web has opened up
access for everyone to obtain the latest information and knowledge in a
specific academic field. Scientific discussion and interaction made possible
through the availability of the internet and web facilities in schools.
The
use of the internet and the web are not only able to provide a positive
contribution to the academic activities of the students but also for teachers.
Internet and the web can provide the possibility for teachers to gather
information and knowledge in the subject area as guide field. Through the use
of the internet and the web, the teacher will always be ready to teach
cutting-edge science to students. This of course requires that teacher's own
ability to always enterprising access websites in their area of expertise.
This is in line with the definition Pannen (2003) on media and learning
technologies in schools in a broad sense that includes hardware (hardware),
software (software), and human resources (humanware) which can be used to
enrich the learning experience of students.
B. Forms
of Computer Media
The
media has a function as a learning tool for the teacher to clarify the message.
Media also works for individual learning where media position fully serve the
needs of students studying (patterns of media). Several forms of computer use
media that can be used in the study include:
1.
Use of Multimedia Presentations.
Multimedia
presentations are used to describe materials that are theoretical, used in
classical learning with group learning quite a lot over 50 people. This media
is quite effective because it uses a multimedia projector that has a
transmission range is quite large. The advantages of this medium is to combine
all the elements of media such as text, video, animation, images, graphics, and
sound into a single presentation, so that in accordance with the modalities to
accommodate student learning. The program can accommodate students who have a
type of visual, auditory and kinesthetic. This is supported by the hardware
technology that is developed over time, has contributed greatly to the
presentation activities. Current technology in the field of computer
engineering obviate presentation tool in the past. The use of software
designers such as Microsoft power point presentation developed by Microsoft
Inc. "Corel presentation developed by Coral inc" to latest
developments developed software Macromedia Inc., which develops many types of
software to support these interests.
Various
software enabling multimedia presentation is packaged in a very dynamic and
interesting. The development of software is supported by the development of a
number of the supporting hardware. One of the products the most influence in
the preparation of presentation materials is the development of the digital
current monitor, video card, audio card as well as the development of a digital
projector (projector digitalimage) that enables the presentation material can
be presented digitally to a variety of interests in a variety of conditions and
situations , as well as the size of the space and the various characteristics
of the audience. Of course this led to major changes in trendmetode
presentation today, and can be used to teach Information and Communication
Technology (ICT).
Presentation
material processing using a computer is not only to be presented by using a
digital presentation in the form of Multimedia projectors (such as LCD,
In-Focus and the like), but can also be presented through other projection
equipment, such as over-head projector (OHP) and the film projector slides
which had already produced. So the agency or agencies that do not have the
digital presentation tools but have had these two devices, can take advantage
of the processing material through a computer presentation to the fullest. In
the viewpoint of the learning process, the presentation is one of the teaching
methods. Its use that occupy the highest frequency compared with other methods.
Various tools are developed, has given a very bazaar effect not just on the
development of practical activities in the presentation of learning activities
but also on the underlying theories. Recent developments in the field of
presentation with computer tools have led to changes in the demands of
organized learning. Among other demands on capacity building and skills of
teachers in the process of learning materials into a computer-based media
presentation.
2.
CD/ Interactive Multimedia
Interactive
CD can be used at school because learning is quite effective in improving
student learning outcomes, especially computers. There are two terms in the
development of this interactive CD is Computer Based Instructuion (CBI) and
Computer Assisted Instructuion (CAI) interactive nature of this medium in
addition there are also multi-media elements of the media that covers the full
sound, animation, video, text and graphics. Some interactive multimedia models
include:
·
Drill Model: Model drills in CBI
basically strategy learning is one that aims to provide a more concrete
learning experience through imitations created shape approaching experience the
real atmosphere.
·
Model Tutorial: CBI tutorial program in
a learning program that is used in the learning process by using software such
as computer programs that contain subject matter. CAI tutorial method in
pattern basically followed the teaching program Branching type of information /
subjects are presented in the unit - a small unit, then followed with a
question. Student responses were analyzed by a computer (compared with the
integrated response by the author of the program) and the correct feedback
given. (Nana Sudjana & Ahmad Rival: 139). The program also requires
students to apply their knowledge and ideas directly in the learning
activities.
·
Simulation Models: Model simulation of
the CBI is basically one starategi learning aims to provide a more concrete
learning experience through imitations penciptan shape approaching experience
the real atmosphere.
·
Model Games: The model was developed
based on the game "fun learning", where learners will be exposed to
some of the instructions and rules of the game. In the context of learning is
often referred to as Instructional Games (Eleanor.L Criswell, 1989: 20)
In
general, the type of representation that is widely used is the
"tutorial". These tutorials guide students thoroughly master the
material quickly and interesting. Each student mastery of the material is
likely to have differences depending on its capabilities. The use of
interactive CD tutorial through more effective to teach mastery Softwarekepada
teach students compared with hardware. For example tutorials Microsoft Office
Word, Access, Excel, and Power Point. Another advantage of this interactive CD
is students can study independently, should not depend on the teacher /
instructor. Students can start learning at any time and may terminate in
accordance with his wishes. In addition, the material taught in the CD can be
directly practiced by students against siftwaretersebut. There is also a repeat
function, useful to repeat the material repeatedly for thorough mastery.
3.
Video Learning.
In
addition to interactive CDs, videos including media that can be used for
learning in elementary school. This video is interactive-tutorial guide
students to understand the material through a visualization. Students can also
interactively follow the appropriate practice activities that are taught in the
video. The use of an interactive CD on the SD suitable for teaching a process.
For example, how pollination on collision, grafting techniques, cell division,
respiration and others.
4.
Internet
Internet,
stands interconection and networking, is a global information network, namely,
"the largest states global network of computers, that enables people
throughout the world to connect with each other. Internet was first launched by
J.C.R. Licklider of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in August 1962.
Use
of the Internet as a learning medium to condition students to learn independently.
"Through independent study, students Become doers, as well as
thinkers" (Cobine, 1997). The students can access them online from various
libraries, museums, databases, and obtain a primary source of historical
events, biographies, records, reports, statistical data, (draperies et. Al.,
1995). Information provided server-computers that can be derived from
commercial businesses (com), goverment services (Gov), nonprofit organizations
(Org), educational institutions (edu), or artistic and cultural groups (.arts)
C. Example
of Teaching Media Based on Computer
D. Conclusion
Students
can play a role as a researcher, being an analyst, not just consumers of
information only. They analyze information relevant to learning and conduct
searches in accordance with real life (real life). Students and teachers do not
need to be physically present in the classroom (classroom meetings), because
students can learn the teaching materials and learning tasks as well as the
test by accessing the computer network that has been established online.
Students can learn to work together (collaborative) with each other. They can
send each other e-mail (electronic mail) to discuss teaching materials. In
addition to learning tasks and answer the questions that the teacher students
can communicate with their classmates.
REFERENCES
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